The primary site of transmission is via fish to fish contact, particularly within the gills and the fins. This bacterium was first reported in 1922 at the Fisheries Biological station in Fairport Iowa and it has undergone many taxonomic revisions since then. Alternatively, histology should show periostitis, osteitis, meningitis and ganglioneuritis. The organism can be cultured for definitive diagnosis. Ī presumptive diagnosis can be made based on the history, clinical signs, pattern of mortality and water temperature, especially if there is a history of the disease in the area. Infected fish may show signs of lethargy, inappetence and exopthalmos before death. In rainbow trout fry syndrome, acute disease with high mortality rates occurs. It is characterized by erratic "corkscrew" swimming, blackened tails and spinal deformities. Salmonid fish can also get a chronic form of BCWD following recovery from typical BCWD. Affected fish are often lethargic and stop feeding. Other symptoms include the skin of the jaw "ulcerations", pale in color gills, increased mucus production, blindness, inflammation of the gastrointestinal system, and behavioral issues such as "spiral swimming". Symptoms begin with tissue erosion, especially on the caudal fin. Fins may appear dark, torn, split, ragged, frayed and may even be lost completely. The sweetfish which was infected with cold water diseaseįish infected with the pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum experience tissue erosion, jaw ulcerations, inflammation, and behavioral issues. īCWD may be referred to by a number of other names including cold water disease, peduncle disease, fit rot, tail rot and rainbow trout fry mortality syndrome. Transmission is mainly via horizontal gene transfer, but vertical transmission can also occur. This disease is not zoonotic.Īsymptomatic carrier fish and contaminated water provide reservoirs for disease. Salmon are the most commonly affected species. This bacterium is found in fresh waters with the optimal growth temperature below 13☌, and it can be seen in any area with water temperatures consistently below 15☌. It is caused by the bacterium Flavobacterium psychrophilum (previously classified in the genus Cytophaga), a psychrophilic, gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae.
( August 2013) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)īacterial cold water disease (BCWD) is a bacterial disease of freshwater fish, specifically salmonid fish. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations.
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